New theory reveals fracture mechanism in soft materials

A new theory has finally deciphered the physical mechanisms of fracture in soft materials. This discovery could soon lead to new, defect-free materials that are more resistant and durable, as well as environmentally friendly. The article “Elastic instability after brittle fracture” was recently published by Physical review papers.

“We have found that the fracture propagates from the free surface of the material, starting from an elastic instability that breaks the symmetry of the object. The rupture then extends drastically with an intricate network of cracks that propagate as a turbulence phenomenon, similar to what we observe in liquids, as during the formation of the vortex”, explains Pasquale Ciarletta from the MOX Laboratory, Department of Mathematics at the Polytechnic of Milan.

This discovery stimulates important applications in various technological sectors. For example, in the production of micro and nano devices, where the materials must be extremely resistant and defect-free.

Understanding how cracks form can lead to the design of stronger and more durable materials.

In the field of consumer electronics, this could lead to devices such as smartphones, tablets and laptops with screens that better withstand shocks and drops, thereby reducing the frequency of repairs and replacements. In the medical sector, implantable devices such as pacemakers and prostheses can benefit from safer and longer-lasting materials, critically improving patient health. In the aerospace industry, understanding and preventing material fracture can lead to more durable and reliable structures, reducing the risks associated with space and air travel.

“The results of this research not only pave the way for future studies aimed at developing materials with unprecedented mechanical properties, but also have a positive environmental impact by reducing the need for frequent product replacements and reducing waste. This can contribute in more sustainable production and more efficient use of natural resources”, concludes Davide Riccobelli from the Department of Mathematics at the Politecnico di Milano.

The study was carried out by an international team of researchers, led at the Politecnico di Milano by Riccobelli and Ciarletta, in collaboration with the Sorbonne University, École Polytechnique and ESPCI in Paris, demonstrating that international collaborations continue to play a crucial role in pushing the boundaries of material science.